LANGUAGE 6 ( 2ND ENTRY) - MS. RUTH DOMINGO-MENDOZA

LANGUAGE VI

MS. RUTH DOMINGO- MENDOZA

	FOR THE  BOOK EXERCISES, those who have their books with them, you can answer ahead at home. Those who left their books in school, ample time will be given  for you to answer when classes resume. .

 

CASES OF NOUNS

Case – is that quality of noun showing its relationship to a word or words in the sentence.

I.                  NOMINATIVE CASE

II.              OBJECTIVE CASE

III.           POSSESSIVE CASE

I.               NOMINATIVE CASE

a.   SUBJECT (S) -  the one talked about in the sentence. It also agrees with its verb in number and person.

Example : Mr. Loreto is an elected official.

b.   PREDICATE NOUN (PN) or SUBJECT COMPLEMENT ( SC) – the noun that refers to the subject of the linking verb.

Example : He is my father-in-law.

      c. DIRECT ADDRESS ( DA)  -  a noun used to address a person spoken to. It is set off by a comma when found at the beginning or end of the sentence and commas if found at the middle of the sentence. 

Example :  Mr. Loreto, will you speak now ?

d. APPOSITIVE (APP) –  a noun within the groups of words that follows a noun or a pronoun and explains its meaning.

                 The noun used as appositive is the same person, place or thing as the noun it explains. The appositive or appositive phrase is separated by a comma from a noun or pronoun it refers to.

Example : Mr. Loreto, the newly elected officer, faces a graft scandal.

EXERCISE I

Directions : Read and analyze the given sentences. Identify the function of each underlined noun as S for subject; PN, predicate noun; DA, direct address; and APP, appositive . ( 10x1=10)

____________1. The store, Linda, is at the corner.

____________2. Those boys are my  cousins.

____________3. Liza is a nice girl.

____________4. Anton is the winner.

____________5. Markie, have you mailed my letter?

____________6. The youngest knight, Sir Galahad, was in search of the Holy Grail.

____________7.  Sunday, a holy day, is the first day of the week.

____________8. Haydee, a chorister, was sent abroad for advance music course.

____________9. Arthur lent his sister dollars.

____________10.  The tall man is my uncle.

EXERCISE 2

DIRECTIONS : Answer Focus A, B, and C on page 88.

II.          OBJECTIVE CASE

a.   DIRECT OBJECT (DO) – a noun/pronoun that receives the action of a transitive action verb.  To find the DO, ask WHOM? Or WHAT? After an action verb.

Example :  Mr. Kho carried the flyers.

b.     INDIRECT OBJECT (IO) – a noun/ pronoun that appears with a direct object and names the person or thing that something is given to or done for.  To find the IO, ask TO WHOM? Or FOR WHOM ?

                      It is placed between the verb and direct object.

Example : Mr. Cortez gave the senator the voter’s list.

c.    OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION ( OP)  - answers what or whom, after a preposition.

Example : He will be recognized because of bravery.

d.    OBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT ( OC)  - comes after the direct object and describes or renames it.

Example : The gardener called his newly grafted flowers “PRINCESS.”

Exercise 3

Directions : Identify the function of each underlined noun in the objective case. Write DO for direct object; IO, indirect object; OP, object of the preposition; and OC, objective complement. 

______________1.  She washes her hands before each meal.

______________2.  They gave Father his bonus.

______________3.  The postman handed a package to mother.

______________4. The teacher taught the children a new poem.

______________5.   The campers feared the bears.

______________6. Ben called his dog Rover.

______________7. The barangay official gave some relief goods to his constituents.

______________8.  We carried a rosary everywhere we went.

______________9. Her friends nominated Jane president.

_____________10. I photographed the woman with the children.

EXERCISE 4

DIRECTIONS :  Answer Focus D, E, F, G and H on pages 89-90.

III.     POSSESSIVE CASE

A possessive noun shows ownership or possession. 

The following are guides in forming possessive nouns.

1. Add an apostrophe and s (‘s) to form the possessive of :

Ø      singular common and proper nouns that do not end in s

Examples : an architect’s design            Mrs. Villa’s class       

Ø      plural common nouns that do not end in s

Examples : men’s contribution             children’s gifts  

     

2. Add an apostrophe and s (‘s) to names of single persons ending in s, z or x.

Examples : Julius’s decision

                   Kris’s notes

3. Add an apostrophe only to names in the plural form.

Examples : Reyeses’ house

                   Cruzes’ pond

4. Names like Jesus, Moses and those with an ending syllable pronounced as

/z/, add an apostrophe only.

Examples : Jesus’ teachings

                    Moses’ followers

  

5. FOR JOINT AND SEPARATE OWNERSHIP

Ø      If the object owned is singular, it indicates joint ownership. Therefore, add an apostrophe and s (‘s) or apostrophe only ( ‘ ) after the last noun.

Examples :    Jose and Romeo’s mother

                       Principal and teachers’ request

Ø      Is the object owned is plural, it indicates separate ownership. Therefore,

             add an apostrophe and s (‘s) or apostrophe only ( ‘ ) after each noun.

             Examples : Mario’s and Joel’s schools

                                 Miss Hidalgo’s and pupils’ plans

   

6. FOR LIFELESS OR INANIMATE OBJECTS, instead of the apostrophe and s, the “of phrase” is used.

        Examples : The keyboard of the computer

                            The roof of the house

g. FOR COMPOUND WORDS , add an apostrophe and s (‘s) to the end of the  

     compound words.

         Examples : My father-in-law’s house

                            The commander-in-chief’s order

h. FOR ACRONYMS AND YEARS, add an apostrophe and s (‘s)

          Examples : PNOY’s appeal

                             2013’s heaviest storm

9. FOR COMPANY NAMES that include a punctuation mark, add an apostrophe and s (‘s)

           Example : Yahoo!’s chief executive

EXERCISE 5

Directions : Rewrite each group of words to show possession more appropriately.

   Example : the notebook of the boy    the boy’s notebook

1. the creations of God    ________________________________

2. the guns of soldiers __________________________________

3. the houses of the victims ______________________________

4. the promises of the politicians __________________________

5.  the laboratory of the scientist __________________________

6. the recommendations of the principal _____________________

7.  the demands of the rebels_____________________________

8. the clothes of the designers _____________________________

9. the legs of the table ___________________________________

10. the homes of the refugees _____________________________

EXERCISE 6

     Directions : Fill in the blanks with the possessive form of the nouns at the left to show joint or separate ownership correctly.

(doctors and nurses)      1. The ________________________training winded at 5 in the

                                        afternoon.

(ladies and men)            2. __________________________ leather shoes are sold in many

                                          department stores.

( girls and boys )             3.  We granted the ________________________ request.

(Mr. Brown and Mr. Hays )  4. ______________________________ business is flourishing.

(Janus and Andrei )               5. The principal acted on ______________________complaint.

    EXERCISE 7

    Directions : Answer Focus A, B and C on pages 72-73.

SPELLING WORDS

( TWO-THREE SYLLABLE WORDS)

1.  deference – noun – a courteous expression or esteem or regard

2.  elegiac- adjective- expressing sorrow often for something past

3.  lingerie- noun – women’s underwear and nightclothes

4.  etiquette- noun- rules governing socially acceptable behavior

5. prosthetic -  adjective- relating to or serving as a prosthesis

6. plagiarism – noun- a piece of writing that has been copied

7. sequester-  verb- set apart from others

8. incipient- adjective- only partly in existence

9. fluorescent –adjective- emitting light during exposure to radiation

10. sporadic –adjective- recurring in scattered and irregular or unpredictable instances