SCIENCE AND HEALTH 3

COVERAGE SCIENCE AND HEALTH 3

A.Basic needs of animals

B. Conserving and protecting animals

C. Basic Plant Parts

D. Similarities and Differences among Plants

E. How Plants Reproduce and Artificial Propagation

F. Basic Needs of Plants

A. Basic needs of animals

Animals have basic needs such as food, water, shelter, air, clean surroundings, love and care. If these animals are not satisfied animals may die.

B. Conserving and protecting animals

·         Do not cut down trees in forests.

·         Regulate hunting.

·         When camping, do not pollute the area.

·         Join activities that promote conservation and protection of animals

C. Basic Plant Parts

1. Roots-grow under the soil. It also absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

    Primary root or taproot- larger in size and grows downward

   Secondary root- smaller roots which from the side of primary root

   Root hairs- very small hairlike structures growing on the surface of smaller roots

2. Stems- connect the roots to the leaves of the plant. The stems have tiny tubes called phloem and xylem.

Phloem- transports food and nutrients

Xylem- transports water

Trunk- mature stem of trees

Bark- covers the trunk

Branches- smaller and thinner stems

Lenticels- tiny openings found along the stems and branches of trees

 

3. Leaves- food factory of plants.

    Photosynthesis- process by which plants make food.

Chlorophyll- green pigment in plants’ leaves

Base-  lower part of the leaf

Apex- the tip of the leaf

Midrib- middle part of a leaf

Margin- side or edge of a leaf

Blade- entire surface of a leaf

Vein- lines on the surface of a leaf

Venation- pattern of the veins on a leaf. A leaf may have netted or parallel venation.

4. Flowers- reproductive part of a flower.

  Pollination- first step in reproduction of plants

 

5. Seeds- found inside a fruit.

2 kinds of seed

Monocot- seeds with only 1 seed leaf

Dicot- seeds with two seed leaves

Parts of a Seed

 

Seed coat- outer covering that protects the seed

Cotyledon- contains the stored food

Epicotyl- develops into leaves

Radicle- develops into roots

Hypocotyl- develop into stem

6. Fruits- come from flowers of plants. They carry and protect the seeds.

D. Similarities and Differences Among Plants

1. According to Size and Height

   Trees- plants that grow very tall. Examples are narra, acacia

    Shrubs- plants that do not grow tall but have small woody stem. Examples are   sampaguita, gumamela,

    Vines- plants with soft , crawling stems. Examples are grapes, stringbeans

    Herbs- small plants with soft stems. Examples are oregano, tomato

2. According to Plant Parts

  Plants can be grouped according to plant parts such as leaves. Leaves of different plants vary in shape. The shapes of leaves could be oval, round, heart and lance shaped leaf.

The stems of plants also differ. Some have hard woody stem like the trees and shrub. Others have soft stem like the herbs and vines.

The flowers of plants vary in color. Some flowers grow singly like the rose while the others grow in clusters like the santan.

3. According to the Places where they Grow

   Terrestrial plants-  plants that grow in soil like the trees, shrub herbs and

                           vines.

    Aquatic plants- plants that live in water like the waterlily

    Aerial plants or epiphytes- plants that live on branches of trees like the orchids.

E. How Plants Reproduce and Artificial Propagation

Reproduction- the process by which plants grow and produce their own kind. Plants with seeds undergo sexual reproduction. Those without seeds  reproduce using other plant plants. This process is called asexual reproduction. Plants can reproduce asexually by using the roots, leaves, stems and buds.

Artificial propagation- a method of growing plants without using seeds.

1. Grafting-  branch of one plant is joined to another plant.

2. Budding-  bud from one plant is fitted into an opening in the bark of a parent plant.

3. Marcotting-  bark on  a stem  of a plant is removed and covered with good soil until it grows into a new plant.

4. Layering- a mature branch of a plant is bent to the ground.

F. Basic Needs of Plants

  Like animals, plants have needs, too. They need sunlight, water, carbon dioxide and nutrients in order to live.

A.Classify the following plants as tree, shrub, herb or vine.

1. banana-                              6. ampalya-

2. bamboo-                              7. watermelon-

3. coconut-                             8. mayana-

4. pechay-                                 9.  rose-

5. mahogany-                           10. squash-

B. Classify the following plants as terrestrial, aquatic or aerial.

1. fern-

2. seaweed-

3. acacia-

4. stringbeans-

5. orchid-

                                              

 prepared by: Ms. Sarah Gay R. Garcia